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This week, the presentation continued. In reading 4.5, it is about the crooked and fallacious thinking. It is about the manipulative tool in the hands of speakers or writers wishing to influence and affect the judgement of their listeners or readers. Especially in contexts where there is an intent to persuade towards a particular belief or course of action, we are likely to encounter instances of crooked and fallacious thinking. For this reason, it is important to be able to interrogate the logic contained in the argument in a text.

In reading 5.3, it is about the basic logical concept. It covers on the deductive and induction. All arguments are either deductive or inductive. In a deductive argument, the conclusion is claimed to follow necessarily from the premises while in inductive argument, the conclusion is claimed to follow only probably from the premises.

In deciding whether an argument is deductive or inductive, we should apply four simple tests. The indicator words test are probably, necessarily and likely which the signal whether the argument is intended to be deductive or inductive. The next test is the strict necessity test is about the conclusion should follow with the strict necessity from the premises. The third test is the common pattern test is about the arguments that have a pattern that is characteristically deductive or inductive. The last one is the principle of charity test urges us to treat doubtful arguments in whatever way is most favourable to the arguer.